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ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ
  • beophentivey

ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2020



ืคืชื— ื“ื‘ืจ


ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2020 ื™ื•ืฆื ืœื“ืจื›ื• ื•ืื•ืกืฃ ืืœ ื—ื•ื‘ื• ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ ืฉื ื” ืฉืœื™ืžื”, ืฉื ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื™ืœื• ืฉื™ื“ืขื ื• ืขื“ ื›ื”, ืฉื ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืื—ืจืช, ื›ื–ื• ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ืขืชื ื• ืฉื ื—ื•ื•ื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืคืชื—ื ื• ืฆืจื•ืจ ื”ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ืจืืœื™ื•ืช..


ืฉืœื”ื™ ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2020, ืฉืžืขื ื• ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื ื™ื“ื—ืช ื‘ืกื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ื”ืขืœื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื• ืฉ- "ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืื—ื“ ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืขื–" ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 20 - ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืื—ื“ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ืขื•ื“ื ื• ืžืฉืชืง ืขื, ืื•ืžื” ื•ืืช ื›ืœืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื”ืืจืฅ โ€“ ืชื–ื›ื™ืจื• ืœื™, ืžื™ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉืืžืจ ืฉื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ โ€“ ืืคืฉืจื™?

ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืžื™ ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืฉื’ื–ืจ ื•ื”ืชืจื™ืก ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžื•ืคืœื "ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ โ€“ ืืคืฉืจื™", ืื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืฉืืช ื”ืกืคืจ (2007) ื›ืชื‘ ืื™ืฉ ืฉืจื•ื‘ื›ื ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืžื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ื ื” ืœืฉื ื™ืจื™ืŸ ืงื™ืžื•ืจ ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื™ืฆื ืขื ื”ืจืฆืื” ืžืจืชืงืช ื”ืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืฉื ื•ืžืกืชื‘ืจ, ืฉื”ืจื™ื˜ื•ืืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืœื ื• ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืงื™ื‘ืขื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ืงื• ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ื™ื™ื ื• โ€“

ื›ืš ืื• ืื—ืจืช, ื›ืฉืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื™ืก ืืœ ืžื•ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ "ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ืžืืœื™ื”ืŸ" (ื›ื‘ืจ ืฆื™ื™ื ืชื™ ืฉื”ื—ื˜ื ื”ืงื“ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื•ื ื”-"ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื•"?) ื•ืงื™ื‘ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืืœื• ื•ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฆืจื ื• ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ืื• ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืชื— ื•ืœื˜ืคื— ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช... ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืžืฉืžืข, ื”ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืชืชืืคืฉืจ ื›ืš ืื• ืื—ืจืช.

ืื ืชื™ืจืฆื•, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืœื›ืช ืœืื—ื•ืจ ืืœ ื“ืคื™ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื›ืฉืžื•ืกื“ ื”-"ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื•" ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื ื•ืœื“ ื•ื”ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืช ื‘ืžื•ื—ื ื”ืงื•ื“ื— ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื•ืชื‘ื“ืงื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื›ื ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ื, ื”ืคืš ืืคืฉืจื™ ื•ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™... ืฉื ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืื“ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื–'ื•ืœ ื•ืจืŸ ืื• ืฉื–ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื›ื•ืื‘ืช ืžื“ื™ ื“ื”ื™ื•ื?


ื”ื ื” ื›ื™ ื›ืŸ, ื—ื•ืœืคืช ืœื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉื ื” ืžืคืจื•ืฅ ืžื’ื™ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื—ืจืฃ ื”ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉื—ื•ื ืŸ ื”ืžืขืจืš ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืฆืฆื™ื ื•ื‘ืื™ื ืืœื™ื ื• ืžื™ื ื™ ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ืจื›ืฉื• ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื›ืกืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ื•ืก ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื’ืจ ืืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืื™ื ืฉืืœืœื”...

ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžื” ื™ืœื“ ื™ื•ื (ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ืฉ โ€“ ืื•ืœื™ ื ื™ื—ื•ืฉ ื›ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื ื™ื—ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืžืืŸ ื“ื”ื•, ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื ื™ื—ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื” ื”ืงืกื•ื ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื ืชื™), ืื ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืœืžื•ืคืขื™ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืก, ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืœื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื•, ืื ื ื–ื“ืงืง ืœืžื ืช ื“ื—ืฃ ืื—ืช ืœืžืกืคืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื”ืื ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ืคื—ื•ืชื•ืช ืžืชืกืžื™ื ื™ ื”ืžื—ืœื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื ื”ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื ื•ืื™ื–ื• ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš, ืชื”ื ื–ื• ืฉืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ืขื ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืงื” ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื”ื”ื•ืœืœ โ€“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืคื™ืชื— ืžื•ื˜ืฆื™ื” ืื—ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ืžื™ ืงื“ื ื‘ื”ื ืžืกื™ื›ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ืœืง ืžืžื’ื ื ื” ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ืช ืื• ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชืกืžื™ื ื™ ื—ื’ ืคื•ืจื™ื...


ืืฉืืœ ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืœื ืžืืžื™ื ื”, ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืื—ื“, ืงื˜ื ื˜ืŸ ื•ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืงื•ืคื™ ื™ืฉื‘ื™ืช ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ืžืคื•ืขืœื•?...


ื”ืื ื ื“ืข ื‘ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื”, ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื–ื” ื”ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืก, ืžื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื˜ืจืชื• ื•ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืชื•....?


ื›ืš ืื• ืื—ืจืช,

ื‘ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœื™ื ื• ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื›ืกืœื• ื•ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื’ื ื™ื—ื“ โ€“ ื”ืœื ื”ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื”ืงื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื.



ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื ืก ืื—ื“ ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืืฆืœ ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืฆืœื— ื“ืจื›ื• ื•ื”ื’ื™ื— ืืœ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื”ื•ื ื ืก, ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื ืก, ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ืœื ื• ื ื™ืกื™ื ื•ืื ืชื™ืจืฆื• - ืขื•ื‘ื“ืชื™ืช ืขื“ ื›ื” ืฉืจื“ื ื• (ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืœืงื ื•) ืืช ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื•ื–ื” ื ืก ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜... ื•ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื•, ื™ืฉ ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื ื™ืกื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ื™ื™ื•..


ืžืื—ืœืช ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•, ืฉื™ืชื—ื“ืฉื• ืขืœื™ื ื• ื ื™ืกื™ื

ืฉื™ืื™ืจื• ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื•, ื ืคืฉื™ื ื•, ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื•...



ืฉืœื›ื ื›ืชืžื™ื“, ื‘ื‘ืจื›ืช ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืคื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืจื™ื,

ืชืžืจ.



ย 

ืžืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ืฉืžื” ื”ืœื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช....



ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืกื“ืจ ืขื ืœื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ืื“ืžื” ื•ืฉืžืŸ ื’ื....


ื‘ื•ืื• - ื ืฉื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืื•ืžืจื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ,

ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืชืžืจ ืฉื”ืชื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื—ื™ื” ืœืžื—ืฆื” ืืžื ื•ืŸ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืœื”, ื‘ื™ื ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ืื“ืžื” ืื• ืฉืืจ ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ืงืฉืจ, ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆืง ืฉืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืกื•ืœืช ื•ืžื™ื (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘', ื™"ื’)


ืื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•, ื ืจืื” ืฉืœื ืžืขื˜ ืขืžื™ื ืžื ื—ืกื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ืืช ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืœื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ื‘ื‘ืœืืจื•ืก (ื”ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืœื‘ื™ื‘ื”) ืžื›ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื“ึธืจื•ึดื ื™ ืื• ื“ึธืจึฐื ึดื™ืงื™, ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ืžื›ื ื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ืจึธื™ึฐื™ื‘ึผืงื•ึผื›ึฐืŸ ืื• ืงึธืจึฐื˜ื•ึนืคึฐืœึฐืคึผึนืืคึฐืจ, ื›ืจื•ืฉื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ, ืขืืจื•ืง ื‘ืขื™ืจืง ื•ืคืื’'ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื•ืจื™ืื” ื•ื˜ืฉืจื ื™ื—ื•ื‘ืกืงื™?, ืชื™ืืจ ืื•ืชืŸ ื›ื™ืกื•ื ื™ ื‘ืฆืง ืžืžื•ืœืื™ื ื’ื‘ื™ื ื” ืื• ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจืช, ืงืจืขืคืœืขืš...


ืื ื™ ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืขืช, ืฉืื ืชื—ืคืฉื• ืืฆืœ ื”ืกื‘ืชื•ืช ืื• ื”ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื“ื•ืช, ืชืžืฆืื• ืฉืžื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœืœื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืกืŸ, ื”ืŸ ืงืฆื™ืฆืช ื™ืจืงื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ื™ื ืžืœื•ื—ื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ืจื• ืžืขืœื™ื” ื’ืจื’ืจื™ ืกื•ื›ืจ ืื• ืื‘ืงืช ืกื•ื›ืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืฉืžื ืช ื—ืžื•ืฆื” ืื• ืจื™ื‘ื” ืžืชื•ืงื”....


ืขื–ื‘ื• ืืชื›ื ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื›ืชืจ ื”ื”ื ืฆื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืื›ืœ ื”ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™, ืื™ืš ืฉืœื ืชืœื‘ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืœื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขื™ืžื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืœื•ื—ื”, ืžืชื•ืงื” ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ืžื”... ื•ืืœ ืชืงืœื• ืจืืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™ ืžื•ืืจ ื•ืฉืžื—.


ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ืฉืืœืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ืื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื›ื ืจืง ื”ื˜ืขื ืื• ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ื ื’ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœืฆื“ ื”ืœื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืžืฉืš ื’ื™ืœื’ื•ืœื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ...


ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื - ื”ืื ืชื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ื˜ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืชืื™ื, ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืจืฆืฃ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช โ€“ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ, ืœืชื”ื•ืช, ืœื˜ืขื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ โ€“ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื โ€“ ืœื?


ืื ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ืžื” ืืชื›ื, ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ื ื™ื—ื•ื— ืฉืฉืžื•ืจ ื‘ืืคื™ ืœืœืขื˜ืงืขืก ืฉื˜ื™ื’ื ื” ืกื‘ืชื™ ืžื“ื™ ื—ื ื•ื›ื”, ื’ื ืœื ืœืจื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื• ืžื”ืžื˜ื‘ื— ืฉืœ ืื™ืžื™ ื›ืฉื˜ื™ื’ื ื” ืœื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื’ื ืื ื™ ื˜ื™ื’ื ืชื™ ืœื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืช ื›ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ ื”ื™ื• ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ืœืจื’ืข ืื—ื“ ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื˜ื™ื’ื•ืŸ... ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืขื™ื, ื—ื’ื™ื’ื™, ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื—ื™ื›ื• ืœืœื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ื›ืš ื—ื’ื’ื ื• ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ืืช ื—ื ื•ื›ื” โ€“ ืขื“ ืฉื”ืชื’ืœื’ืœืชื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื ื˜ื•ืจื•ืคืชื™ื” ื•ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ืกื™ื ื™ืช ื•ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืจ ืฉื•ื ื”, ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืžื” ืื ื™ ื‘ื•ื—ืจืช ืœื”ื–ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื™, ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืื™ืœื• ื“ืจื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ...


ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืขืฆื•ื ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืกื•ื’ ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื–ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ. ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืœื›ื ืฉืœื•ืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืžื•ืœ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ ืคืขื ืื—ืจ ืคืขื, ื’ื ืืฆืœ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื•ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ื™ื™, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืงืคื™ื“ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ืื•ืชื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืจืง ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘/ืœืงืจื•ื.... ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”, ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ื™ื™ื•


ืื‘ืœ ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ืขืชื ืขื“ ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืงื:

ื›ืฉื—ื™ืคืฉืชื™ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืœื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงืฆื™ืฆืช ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืžื˜ื•ื’ื ืช. ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืžื—ืชื™ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืžืŸ, ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืžื›ื ื™ืกื” ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ืื“ืžื”, ืืœื ืื ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœื”ืžื™ืจ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ โ€“ (ืฉื•ื•ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ)


ืชื™ืฉืืœื• ื•ื“ืื™, "ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื ื’ื“ ืชืคื•ื—ื™-ืื“ืžื”"? โ€“ ืžืชื ืฆืœืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื‘ื•ืกื™ื ืœืžื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ืžื•ื“ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืžื•ืฆืืช ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืขืชื™ืจ ืขืžื™ืœืŸ ืœืชืคืจื™ื˜ ืฉืœื™. ืขืžื™ืœืŸ = ืกื•ื›ืจ ื•ืื ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืคื” ืฉืœื...


ืฉืœืจื’ืข ืื—ื“ ืœื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืื ื™ ืžืฉืžื™ืฆื” ืืช ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”, ืื ื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืืชื•ื•ื›ื— ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื ื˜ืขื™ืžื™ื ืœื”ืคืœื™ื, ื ืคืœืื™ื ืœืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœื™ ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉืชื™ ื‘ื”ื ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœื”ื˜ื‘ืขืช ืฆื‘ืข ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื“ืคื™ื, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ... ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ืื“ืžื” ืžืฉืชื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืกื•ืœื ื™ื™ื ื•ืืœื• (ืชืคื"ื“, ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช, ืคืœืคืœื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™ืœื™ื), ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืœื”ื ื‘ืื™ืŸ ืžืคืจื™ืข ื‘ืžื™ืคืจืงื™ื ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืืช ืฉื“ื•ื ื™ ื”ื›ืื‘ โ€“ ืื ืืชื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื“ืœืงื•ืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื, ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืชืช ืขืœ ื›ืš ืืช ื“ืขืชื›ื.


ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืืŸ ืกื“ืจ ื•ื’ื ื—ืกื“ ืขื ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื” โ€“ ื‘ืืžืช ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืกื•ืœื ื™ื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืกื‘ืจืชื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืžืขืœ, ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืฉื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ื–ื•, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื” ื”ื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ืช...ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื? ืžื” ืฉื’ื“ืœ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื–ืจืขื™ื ื”ื•ื ืคืจื™ ื•ืœื ื™ืจืง โ€“ ื›ืš ืœืคืœืคืœื™ื, ื—ืฆื™ืœื™ื ื•ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื™ืฉ ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืคืจื™ ืื‘ืœ ืœืชืคื•ื— ืื“ืžื” ืื™ืŸ โ€“ ืžืฉืžืข, ื”ื•ื ื™ืจืง...


ืื•ืชื• ืกื•ืœื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™, ื ืžืฆื ืœืจื•ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืชื ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื โ€“ ื‘ืคืœืคืœ ื•ื‘ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกื™ืจื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช, ืขื ื—ืฆื™ืœื™ื ืงืฆืช ืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื›ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ื ื—ืฆื™ืœ, ืฉื•ืงืœื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื•ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื—ืฆื™ืœ ืงืœ, ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืกื•ืœื ื™ืŸ. ื™ืฉื ื ื—ืฆื™ืœื™ื (ืื ื™ ืžื›ื ื” ืื•ืชื "ื–ื‘ืจื”") ืžืคื•ืกืคืกื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื•ื ื™ ืกื’ื•ืœ/ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื ืื ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื”ื ื˜ืขื™ืžื™ื ื•ืื•ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืžื“ืฃ ืฉืœื”ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื โ€“ ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื ืกื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืขื ืชืคื•ื— ื”ืื“ืžื”? ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืžืชื—ื‘ื ื”ืกื•ืœื ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืชืคื•ื“?


ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉืชื“ืขื• ืฉืชืคื•ื“ ืœื ื ื•ืœื“ ืขื ืกื•ืœื ื™ืŸ Build in, ืืœื ื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืžืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืกื•ืœื ื™ื™ื ืœืžืฉืœ ื›ืžื’ื ื ื” ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉืชื•ืงืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฆืžื— ืื• ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืื•ืจ โ€“ ืœืจื•ื‘, ื–ื• ื”ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืื•ืจ ืฉืžืคืจื™ืขื” ืœืชืคื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื–ื•


ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืกื•ืœื ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืชืคื•ื“ื™ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื” ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ื–ื• ืฉืžื•ืจื™ืงื” ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ื™ืจื•ืงื” ื•ื’ื ืžื ื™ืฆื” "ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื" ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืฆื•ืžื—ื™ื ืœื”ื ื’ื‘ืขื•ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ืื ื‘ืžื’ื™ืจืช ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ืื“ืžื” ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ื•ืจื™ืง, ืงื—ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ื›ืžื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ืœื ื™ืŸ ื•ืชื‘ื—ืจื• ืื ืžืชืื™ื ืœื›ื ืœืืจื— ืืช ื”ืจืขืœืŸ ื‘ื’ื•ืคื›ื.


ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืžืงื•ื ืœืชืคื•ื“, ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉื ื“ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื™ืจืง ืฉื•ืจืฉ. ื”ื’ื“ืจืชื• ื”ื‘ื•ื˜ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื’ื‘ืขื•ืœ ืชืช-ืงืจืงืขื™... ื”ื ื”, ื ืชื ื• ืœื• ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื• !


ืืกื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžืžืœื™ืฆื•ืช ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ืชื ื–ืจ ืžืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืกื•ืœื ื™ื™ื, ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืกื•ืœื ื™ืŸ ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœื”ืคืจื™ืข ื•ืœืขื•ืจืจ ื›ืื‘ื™ ืžืคืจืงื™ื ืœืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืžืคืจืงื™ื ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื•/ืื• ืžื“ืœืงื•ืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉื’ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืžื—ืœื•ืช ืžืขื™ื™ื ื“ืœืงืชื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืœืžืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื”ืŸ ื•ืงื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืก, ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ื’ื ืžื“ืœืงื•ืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ืžืขื™ื˜ ืื• ืœื”ืชื ื–ืจ ืžืกื•ืœื ื™ืŸ.


ืื‘ืœ ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ืืช, ืื ืชืชื‘ื•ื ื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื ืฉืชืžืฆืื• ื‘-100 ื’' ืชืคื•ื— ืื“ืžื”, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืชื• ืžืฉืงืœ ืชืคื•ื“, ืชืžืฆืื• ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืจืง ืฉื”ืื™ื ื“ืงืก ื”ื’ืœื™ืงืžื™ ืฉืœื• ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ืื ื™ ืจืง ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืชืžื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ, ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ืžืืžืฅ ืœื ืžื‘ื•ื˜ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืจืง ืืช ื”ืฉืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ื˜ืฃ ืฆ'ื™ืคืก, ืœืขื•ืžืช ืืคืก ื”ืฉืงืขืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืง ืคื™ืจื” ืœืžืฉืœ... ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืชืื›ืœื• ืžืขืœ 2-3 ื›ืคื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื”, ื™ื•ืคื ื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืžืื’ืจื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื‘ ื’ื•ืฃ... ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœืขืจื›ื™ ื”ืื™ื ื“ืงืก ื”ื’ืœื™ืงืžื™ ืฉืœ ืชืคื•ื“ื™ื (ืœ-199 ื’ืจื) ื‘ื˜ื˜ื” โ€“ 51, ืคื™ืจื” ืžืชืคื•ื—ื™ ืื“ืžื” 67, ืฆ'ื™ืคืก ืงืคื•ื ื•ืžื—ื•ืžื 75, ืชืคื•ื— ืื“ืžื” ืืคื•ื™ 85 ื•ืชืคื•ื— ืื“ืžื” ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœ 101...


ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื”ืœืื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ืจืชื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืชืคื•ื—ื™ ืื“ืžื”, ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉื™ืฉื ื ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืคื•ื“ ืงืœื•ืฃ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืขื ืงืœื™ืคื” - ื•ื“ืื™ ื ื™ื—ืฉืชื ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืขื“ื™ืฃ ืื ื›ื‘ืจ, ืื– ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืชืคื•ื“ ื‘ืงืœื™ืคืชื•.



ื›ืขืช ืœืžื“ืชื ืฉืื ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืคื” ืงืฆื™ืฆืช ื™ืจืง (ื•ืขื“ื™ืฃ ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืงื™ื) ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื–ื• ืžืชืคื•ื—ื™ ืื“ืžื” โ€“ ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ื ืื™ืชื• ืื™ื ืกืคื•ืจ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื•ืฆื‘ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ โ€“ ืžื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื™ืช ื‘ื™ ืืช ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืคืœื™ื’ ืขืœ ื›ื ืคื™ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื–ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื–ื›ื•ืช...


ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื ืื—ืจื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืœื˜ืงืขืก ืฉืœื›ื, ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ืื ืœื˜ื’ืŸ ืื• ืœืืคื•ืช โ€“ ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื›ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื˜ืขื™ื ืื• ืชืื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื›ื?


ื›ืŸ, ื”ื•ื“ื™ืชื™ ื•ื”ืชื•ื•ื“ื™ืชื™ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ื›ืชื‘ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื˜ืขืžื” ืฉืœ ืงืฆื™ืฆื” ืžื˜ื•ื’ื ืช ื ืคืœื, ืืœื ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ โ€“ ืœื ื ืคืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืงืฆื™ืฆื” ืืคื•ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื ืฉื™ืžื”, ืื ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืคื” ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื˜ืขื ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื˜ืขื ืœื ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืืคื•ื™ื” ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืœื ื˜ืขื™ื โ€“ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™, ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื ื”ืคื•ืš ื”ื•ื...


ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœืืžืจ ืœื›ื ืื ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉืžืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื‘ืœื™ืขื” ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ื‘ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื™ ืœื˜ื™ื’ื•ืŸ, ื–ื• ืฉื”ืชื’ื‘ืฉื” ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืขืœ ืกืžืš ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื.


ื•ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช?

ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืžืŸ ื”ื™ื ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžื ื™ื, ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉืžืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ.

ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืฉืžืŸ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืจืง ืœืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื• ื›ืฉื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ืžื™ืช ื”ื™ื, ืคืชื™ื—ืชื ืฉืœ ืงืฉืจื™ื ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื•ืื’ื‘ ื›ืš, ื”ืชืคืจืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื™ื’ืœื™ืฆืจื™ื“ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ื’ืœื™ืฆืจื•ืœ, ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืคืจืงื•ืช ื’ืœื™ืฆืจื•ืœ ืœืืงืจื•ืœื™ื™ืŸ (Acrrolein) ืฉื ืžืฆื ื›ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžืกืจื˜ืŸ.


ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉื›ื›ืœ ืฉื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื•ื˜ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืฉืžืŸ ืœื˜ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืขื˜ืงืข'ืœื” ืžื˜ื•ื’ื ืช...


ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช ืื’ื‘, ื‘ืขืœ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื ืžื•ื›ื” โ€“ ืœื›ืŸ, ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื›ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช ืœืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืฉืœื›ื ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื’ื ื‘ื˜ื™ื’ื•ืŸ, ื—ืžืžื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ืจ/ืžื—ื‘ืช ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื• ืืช ื”ื™ืจืง ืœื˜ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื•ืจืง ืื–, ื›ืฉื”ื™ืจืง ืื• ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ื—ืจืชื ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฉืžืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืœื”ื™ืฉืจืฃ, ืจืง ืื– ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืืช ื”ืฉืžืŸ โ€“ ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื—ื™ืกื›ื• ืืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžืŸ ืœื—ื™ืžื•ื โ€“ ื–ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืžืŸ ืขื ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืขื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช ื›ืืžื•ืจ.


ืื ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื” ื˜ื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ, ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ืฉืžืŸ ื—ืžื ื™ื•ืช โ€“ ืžื–ืžื™ื ื” ืืชื›ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืฉืžืŸ ืฉืžืชืื™ื ืœื›ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœืคื™ ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื ื™ื ืžื–ื•ื›ื›ื™ื, ืื• ืขืฆื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื›ืœ ื—ื™ืžื•ื ืฉืžืŸ ืžืื™ืฅ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™, ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช (ื”ืฉืชื“ืœืชื™ ืžืื•ื“, ืžืื•ื“, ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื ื”)


ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœืืคื•ืช ืงืฆื™ืฆื•ืช ื™ืจืง ื‘ืชื ื•ืจ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื™ื– ืžืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืžืขื˜ ืฉืžืŸ ืกืคืจื™ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื›ื, ืื• ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืคืฉื˜ื™ื“ื•ืช ื™ืจืง. ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื™ www.beophentivey.com ื‘ืžื“ื•ืจ ืžืชื›ื•ื ื™ื, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืชื™ืื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคืฉื˜ื™ื“ืช ืงื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ, ืœืฉื ื•ืช, ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืช ืฉืืชื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืคืฉื˜ื™ื“ื•ืช ืœื˜ืขืžื›ื, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ื’ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื’ืฉื™ ืžืืคื™ื ืก ืœืืคื™ื™ืช ืงื™ืฉื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉื’ื ื–ื” ื ื—ืžื“ ืžืื•ื“.



ย 

ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื ืก?



ื ืก ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืคื” ืื• ืฉื, ื”ืŸ ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืžืฆื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื โ€“ ืชืœื•ื™ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ืจื›ืฉื• ื•ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืชืงื•ืคืช ื—ื™ื™ื...


ืงื—ื• ืœื›ื ืงืคื” ื•ื”ืžืชื™ื ื• ืœืื’ื“ื”... ืฉื•ื•ื”


ื”ืคืขื, ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื›ืฉื‘ืจืืฉ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื ื“ื™ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื—, ื›ื™ ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœืžืืŸ ื“ื”ื•ื, ืฉื ืก, ืžื›ื ื” ืื™ืจื•ืข ื—ื•ืจื’ ืžื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืื• ื”ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื ืก, ืžื™ื•ื—ืก ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื›ืžื• ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืื• ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ ื”ืืœ โ€“ ื›ืš ืชืžืฆืื• ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื•ื ื™ื•ืช


ืžื™ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืœื ื—ื•ื•ื” ื ืก ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ื™ื™ื•?, ืžื™ ืœื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื ืก" ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ืฆืœื”, ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืื• ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ?


ื ื™ืกื™ื ื›ืš ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื”, ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ืœื ื’ื“ ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื ืชื•ืŸ, ื”ื ื” โ€“ ืจืื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื›ื, ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ื‘ืžืจืื”,... ื”ื’ื—ืชื ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืก ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•.. ืฉืจื“ืชื ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ื›ืืœื• ื•ืื—ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ืืœื•, ืืชื ื›ืืŸ... ืื ืชื‘ื—ืจื• ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ืชื™ืจืื• ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืœื ื• ื›ืืŸ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื ืก.

ืื‘ื™ ืข"ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื• ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช (ืื• ืฉืœืงื— ืื•ืชื” ืœืขืฆืžื• ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืืžืจ) ืฉืื ืงืžื ื• ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ โ€“ ื–ื” ื ืก, ืื ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœืฉืจืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ื ื• ื•ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื• โ€“ ื–ื” ื ืก, ืื ื›ื•ืื‘ ืœื ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ โ€“ ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื–ื” ื ืก, ื›ื™ ื–ื• ื“ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืœื”ื ื›ื™ื— ืืช ืขืฆืžื•...


ืื ืจื•ืฆื™ื, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืื™ื ืกืคื•ืจ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื ืชื•ืŸ, ืคืจื— ืคื•ืจื—, ื™ืœื“ ืžื’ื™ื— ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืžื—ื™ื™ืš, ืคืขื•ื˜ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืœื›ืช, ืชื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉื”ืคื ืžื ื•, ื ื™ื—ื•ื— ืฉื”ืจื—ื ื•, ืžืงื•ื ืืœื™ื• ื”ื’ืขื ื• โ€“ ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื ืก ืฉื”ืชืืคืฉืจ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืื™ื ืกืคื•ืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืื™ืคืฉืจื• ืืช ื”ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช โ€“ ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ, ืœื, ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืžืืœื™ื•... (ื›ืœ ืคืกื™ืง ื›ืืŸ, ืžื–ืžื™ืŸ ืืชื›ื ืœื ืฉื•ื ืืช ืขื•ืžืง ื”ืชื•ื‘ื ื”)


ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื ืก ืื—ื“, ืฉืžืจื•ื•ื— ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ

ื ืก ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืขืฆืžื™ื ื•, ืื ืœื‘ื“ ื•ืื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื ื•ื–ื” ื”ืงืคื”

ืœื, ื”ื•ื ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืก-ืงืคื” ืื• ืงืคื” ื ืžืก ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืœื›ื ื•ืชื• ืคืขื, ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ืจ, ื‘ื•ืฅ, ืืกืคืจืกื• ืงืฆืจ ืื• ืืจื•ืš, ืœื‘ืŸ, ื™ืจื•ืง - ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืขื ืื• ื‘ืœื™ ื—ืœื‘, ืขื ืื• ื‘ืœื™ ืกื•ื›ืจ ื•ื›ืœ ื•ืจื™ืืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืงืคื” โ€“ ื’ื ืื ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืชื”... ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืก, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื ื›ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืคื ืื™ ื•ื”ืฉื”ื•ืช ืฉืœืงื—ื ื• ืœืขืฆืžื™ื ื•, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื•.


ื ืก-ืงืคื”, ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืงื” ืฉืžื•ื›ืŸ ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ืช ืคื•ืœื™ ืงืคื”. ื ืก-ืงืคื” ืžื•ืคืง ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืงืคืื” ื‘ื•ื•ืืงื•ื ืื• "ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื™ืกื•ืก" ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื, ื”ืงืคื” ืกื•ืคื’ ืžื™ื ื•ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืืช ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ื”ื ื•ื–ืœ.

ื ืก ืงืคื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงื” ื”ื—ื ื”ื ืคื•ืฅ, ืื‘ืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื ืžืฆื ื›ืืŸ, ืื•ืœื™ ืืช ืืœื• ืฉืœ ืจื’ืขื™ ืฉืœื•ื•ื” โ€“ ืืช ืืœื•, ืื ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ....


ืคื•ืœื™ ื”ืงืคื” ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื™ืงื•ื™, ืฉืงื™ืœื”, ืื™ื—ืกื•ืŸ (ื‘ืกื™ืœื•) ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ื” ืœืื‘ืงื” (ืื ื›ื–ืŸ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ - ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ, ื•ืื ื›ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื” ื–ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื). ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื—ื™ื ื”, ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ืื‘ืงื” ืœืคืจืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืขื ืžื™ื ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ 200 ืžืขืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ืœื—ืฅ ืฉืœ 20 ื‘ืจ, ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืชืื“ื•ืช ื›ืฉื”ืžื™ื, ืžืคืจื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืงืคื” ื”ืžืกื™ืกื™ื ืžื”ืื‘ืงื”. ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืื™ื“ื•ื™ ื‘ื• ืชืจื›ื™ื– ื”ืงืคื” ืžืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉ.


ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ืงืคืื” ื”ื•ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื”, ืชืจื›ื™ื– ื”ืงืคื” ื ื—ืฉืฃ ืœื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, (ืžื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื˜ืขื ืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืฅ) ืžื” ืฉืžืขืฉื™ืจ ืืช ื˜ืขื ื”ืงืคื”.


ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืชื™ ืœื›ื ืื’ื“ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื“ืขื• ืžืื™ืคื” ืžื’ื™ืข ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืงืคื” โ€“ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืงืคื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื”ืืžืจื™ืงื•ืช, ืื ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ - ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื™ ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ื ืคืœื "ื–ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืืคืจื™ืงื”" ืืช ืžื˜ืขื™ ื”ืงืคื” ื”ืื“ื™ืจื™ื... ืื‘ืœ ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืงืคื” ื”ื•ื ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื”...

ืื– ื”ื›ื™ื ื• ืœื›ื ืžืฉืงื” ืœื˜ืขืžื›ื, ื ืžืก ืื• ืœื ื•ืฉืžืขื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื ...


ื”ืื’ื“ื” ืžืกืคืจืช ืขืœ ืงืืœื“ื™, ืจื•ืขื” ืขื™ื–ื™ื ืžื ื•ืžื ื ืžืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื”.

ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืืช ืงืืœื“ื™ ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื ื”ื’ ืœื”ืชื ืžื ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื ืช ื™ืฉืจื™ื ืžืจื“ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื•ืขื“ ืขืœื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืฉืœืžื—ืจืช โ€“ ื›ืš ืขื‘ืจื• ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืขืœ ืงืืœื“ื™.

ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืชื ืžื ื ืœื• ื‘ืžื—ื™ืฆืช ืขื“ืจ ื”ืขื™ื–ื™ื ื•ื‘ืœื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ืก ืืœ ื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ื”ืœืš ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ืขื ืื™ืฉืชื• - ื›ืš ื–ืจืžื• ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืขืœ ืžื™-ืžื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื ื•ืžื” ื•ืฉื™ื ื”, ืฉืžืข ืงืืœื“ื™ ืจืขืฉ ืžื•ื–ืจ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืขื“ืจ ื”ืขื™ื–ื™ื. ื›ืฉื™ืฆื ืžื ื•ืžื ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืจื—ืฉ ื”ืžื•ื–ืจ, ืฉื ืœื‘ ืฉื”ืขื™ื–ื™ื ืฉืœื• ืœื•ืขืกื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ื–ื•ืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ืื“ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื™ื.

ืงืืœื“ื™ ืฉื ืœื‘ ืฉื”ืขื™ื–ื™ื ืžืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ืžืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื“ื•ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื˜ืขืžื ื’ื ื”ื•ื. ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื•ื›ืš ืขืฉื”.


ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ืœื ื—ืฉ ื‘ืฉื•ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™, ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื–ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ืœื‘ ืงืืœื“ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžื ื•ืžื ื ื›ื”ืจื’ืœื•, ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื•ืžืขืœ ืœื›ืš, ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืขื™ืจื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื•ื”ื—ืœ ืœืจืงื•ื“ ืœืื•ืจืš ื“ืจื›ื• ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”.,

ืื™ืฉืชื• ืฉืจืืชื” ืืช ืงืืœื“ื™ ืžืจืงื“ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื• ืœื‘ื™ืชื ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืชื• ื”ืžื ื•ืžื ืžืช, ืงื‘ืขื” ืžื™ื“ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ืก ืžืฉืžื™ื ื•ืžื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื’ืจื’ืจื™ ื”ืคืœื ืœืžื ื–ืจ.


ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื ื–ืจ ืฉืžืข ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืงืืœื“ื™ ื›ืขืก ื•ืžื™ื“ ืืžืจ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘-"ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉื˜ืŸ" ื•ื›ื›ื–ื•, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื’ืจื’ืจื™ื ืœืฉื˜ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืš ืืช ื”ื’ืจื’ืจื™ื ืœืืฉ.


ืชื•ืš ืžืกืคืจ ื“ืงื•ืช ืขืœื” ื ื™ื—ื•ื— ื ืคืœื ืฉื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื”ืžื ื–ืจ ื•ื’ืจื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ื•ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื ื™ื—ื•ื— ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื•ื”ืœื ืžื•ื›ืจ.


ืžืฉืจืื” ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืจื™ื—, ืฆื™ื•ื•ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื’ืจื’ืจื™ื ื•ืœื‘ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžื™ื ื—ืžื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ืžื”ื’ืจื’ืจื™ื.

ื”ื ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืœื• ืืช ื”ื’ืจื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื˜ืขืžื• ืืช ื”ื ื•ื–ืœ ื”ื—ื•ื ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื•, ื’ื™ืจืฉ ืžืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืืช ื”ืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื•ื›ืš, ืงื‘ืข ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื ื–ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืขืชื”, ื™ืฉืชื• ืžื”ื ื•ื–ืœ ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืชื ืžื ืžื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื”.



ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื›ืš ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง, ืžืกืคืจืช ื”ืื’ื“ื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจื•ื•ื™ืฉ ืขื•ืžืืจ, ืฉื’ื™ืœื” ืืช ื’ืจื’ืจื™ ื”ืงืคื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืžื•ืงื” ืืฉืจ ื‘ืชื™ืžืŸ.

ืขื•ืžืืจ, ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื•ืงื” ืœืื—ืจ ื ื“ื•ื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื™ื™ืฃ ื•ื’ื•ื•ืข ื‘ืจืขื‘.

ื‘ื—ืฆื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืœ ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ืžืฉื ืชื• ื•ืจืื” ืจื•ื— ืจืคืื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืจื• ืฉื ืคื˜ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืœื ืจื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ, ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืช ืขื•ืžืืจ ืœืฉื™ื— ืงืคื” ื•ื”ื“ืจื™ื›ื” ืื•ืชื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืงืœื•ืช ืืช ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื—.


ืขื•ืžืืจ ื ื™ืกื” ืœืจื›ืš ืืช ืคื•ืœื™ ื”ืงืคื” ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืžืฉืืœื• ืœื ื”ืชืจื›ื›ื•, ืฉืชื” ืืช ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื•ื ื“ื”ื ืžืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืขื™ืจื ื•ืช ื•ืจื•ืžืžื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื— ืฉื”ืžืฉืงื” ื”ืฉืจื” ืขืœื™ื•.

ืขื•ืžืืจ ื ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงื” ื”ืžื•ืคืœื ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื•ืงื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฉืงื• ืื• ืืช ืื ืฉื™ื” ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ. ื”ืื’ื“ื” ืžืกืคืจืช ืฉืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ืžื• ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ืžืฉืงื” ื”ืงืคื”, ืืœื ืฉื”ื ื’ื ื”ืชืžืœืื• ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื—ื–ืงื• ื•ืžื›ืืŸ, ื”ืคืš ืžืฉืงื” ื”ืงืคื” ืœืชืจื•ืคื”.


ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืื™ื–ื• ืื’ื“ื” ืชืืžืฆื• ืœื›ื ื‘ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืกืคืœ ื”ืงืคื” ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœื›ื, ื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืชื™ืงื—ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืงืคื” ื”ื•ื–ื›ืจ, ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืขืจื‘ื™ื™ื. ื”ื ื›ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ึผื•ึผืŸ ืื• ื‘ึผื•ึผื ึฐืฆ'ื•ึผื โ€“ ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื”ืงืคื” ื ืฉืชืœ ื•ืชื•ืจื‘ืช ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืื™ ืขืจื‘ ื’ื ืื ื‘ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ื“ืœ ืคืจื ื‘ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื” โ€“ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื”ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื ื•ื•ื“ื™ื ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืืช ืคื•ืœื™ ื”ืงืคื” ืœืขืจื‘, ื“ืจืš ืชื™ืžืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืžืื” ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ืช.

ื‘ืขืช ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ื™ื•ื—ืกื• ืœืงืคื” ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืฉื™ื—ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื•ื ื”ื˜ืงืกื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืฉืชื• ืืช ื—ืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื โ€“ ื”ืœื ื”ื™ื ื”ืงืคื”.

ืื ืงืจืืชื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืคืงืช ืงืคื” ื ืžืก, ื•ื“ืื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื›ื ืฉืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื—ื•ื ื•ืœื—ืฅ, ืื™ื ื ืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืื™ืชื• ืคื•ืœ ื”ืงืคื” ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืžื›ืœ ื–ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื.

ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืืจื™ื–ืช ื”ืงืคื” ืฉื‘ื—ืจืชื, ื”ืื ื”ื™ื ืืจื™ื–ืช ื•ืืงื•ื โ€“ ืžื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื”, ื”ืื ื”ืงืคื” ืฉืืชื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื ื˜ื•ืœ ืงื•ืคืื™ืŸ? โ€“ ืื™ืš ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืืช ื”ืงื•ืคืื™ืŸ ืžื”ืงืคื”?

ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืžืชื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืžืขืฆืžืŸ, ืื—ืจื™ ื›ื›ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ, ืืœื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื” ืœื”ื–ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ื ื•, ืœื›ืŸ ื›ื“ืื™, ืจืฆื•ื™ ื•ืืฃ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื‘, ืœื ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื ืฉื˜ื™ืงื™ื ืื• ืคื˜ื ื˜ื™ื (ืื™ืžืจื” ืžื•ืฉืืœืช) ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืื• ื›ืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืžื•ื–ื ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืื—ืจืช โ€“ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื, ืชืœื•ื™ื™ ื”ื–ื ื”...ื’ื ืฉืœ ืคื•ืจืžื•ืœื” 1... ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืชืช ืขืœ ื›ืš ืืช ื”ื“ืขืช.



ืื ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืงืคื”, ืจื™ื— ืฉืœ ืงืคื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ โ€“ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืงืคื” ืฉื—ื•ืจ, ืื• ืคื•ืœื™ื ืฉื ื˜ื—ื ื• ื–ื” ืขืชื”

ื•ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ืงืคื”, ืื– ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ื–ืง, ืžืจื™ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• โ€“ ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื—ืžื•ืฅ ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืืกืคืจืกื• โ€“ ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื™ ืžืชืœื•ื•ื” ืืœื™ื• ื˜ืขื "ืฉืจื•ืฃ" ืžืฉื”ื•, ื›ืš ื˜ืขื ืชื™ ื‘ืื•ื–ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืชื™ื™ืžืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช "ืžื‘ื™ืŸ" ื‘ืงืคื” ื•ื–ื” ืืžืจ, ืฉื›ื ืจืื” ืœื ื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืœื™, ืœื ืืช ื–ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื ืฉื ืขื™ื ืœื™ โ€“ ืฉื•ื ืžื™ืœื” ืขืœ ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืœืคื•ืœ ื”ืงืคื” ื”ื ื˜ื—ืŸ ื‘ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื•ืจื™ื— ื”ื—ื™ืžื•ื/ืฆืจื™ื‘ื” ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ืžื”ื˜ื—ื™ื ื” ืขืฆืžื” (ื‘ื•ืื•, ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืœื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜)


ืื– ืงืคื” ืฉื—ื•ืจ, "ื‘ื•ืฅ" ืื• ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœ, ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืขื ื”ืœ โ€“ ื›ื›ื” ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ ืžืœืžืขืœื”, ืื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ืขื ืื‘ืงืช ื”ืงืคื”, ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ื ืžื“ื™ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื•ืžืฆื™ื“ื™, ืฉื™ืœื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื™ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืจื—ื ื”ืฉื (ืชืฆื™ืœื ื” ืื•ื–ื ื™ ืงื•ืจืื™ ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืœืงืคื”)

ืื—ืจื™ ื›ื›ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ, ืงืคื” ืžื‘ื™ื ืื™ืชื• ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืžืฆื•ืŸ โ€“ ื•ืืœื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื ื ืชืคืกื™ื ื›ืฉื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœื?


ื›ืŸ,

ืื•ืชื ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืžืฆื•ืŸ โ€“ ืื ื˜ื™ ืื•ืงืกื™ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืงืคื” โ€“ ืคื•ืœื™ืคื ื•ืœื™ื, ื”ื ืืœื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื•, ืฉื™ืชื ื• ืžืขื ื” ื”ื•ืœื ืœื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื™ืคืชืจื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืžื”ื ื–ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืืœื• (ื”ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ). ืื ื›ืŸ ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื ื• ืฉืคื•ืœื™ ื”ืงืคื” ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืื™ืชื ืคื•ืœื™ืคื ื•ืœื™ื โ€“ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืžืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื•ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื ืœืžื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ืžื™ื ื™ ืžื—ืœื•ืช โ€“ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืจืื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ืฉืื•ืชื ืคื•ืœื™ืคื ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื’ื ืœืชืช ืžืขื ื” ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื›ืœื™ ื“ื ื•ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืœืงื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ ื•ื›ืœื™-ื“ื.


ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื›ืŸ โ€“

ืืœื ืฉื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื“ ืขื ืงืคืื™ืŸ ื•ืœืงืคืื™ืŸ, ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžืขื˜ื”, ืืœื ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ื ืžื•ืš ื•ืืชื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžืขืœื™ืช ืฉืชืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืชืขืœืฃ ื”ืฉื›ื ื•ืขืจื‘...


ื”ืงืคืื™ืŸ ืื›ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจืจ, ืžืžืจื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ื“ื โ€“ ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ื‘ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืื• ืืฆืœ ืžื™ ืฉืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื ืฉืœื• ืžื•ืžืจืฅ ื˜ืจื ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ื”ืงืคื”, ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืงืคื”, ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื ื•/ืื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืœื‘, ืจืขื“, ืขืฆื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ื—ืจื“ื” ื•ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื” (ืชืกืคืจื• ืืช ื–ื” ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื) โ€“ ืื‘ืœ ื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืชื“ืขื• ืฉืงืคืื™ืŸ ืžืขืœื” ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื” (ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ื—ื•ืžืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื” โ€“ ื”ื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืื•ืชื” ืฆืจื‘ืช ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืืœื• ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืขื•ื“ืฃ ื—ื•ืžืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื”). โ€“ ื“ื•ืžื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืฉืงืคืื™ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ ืงืคื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ืชื”, ืงืงืื• ื•ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื• ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ืงืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ื ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื–ื™ื ืžืžื•ืชืงื™ื ืื• ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” โ€“ ืื• ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื โ€“ "ื‘ืœื™ ืฉึตืžื•ืช"...


ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื™ ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ื›ืžื• ืœืžืฉืœ ืงืคืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืžืจื™ืฅ ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื›ื ื‘ื ื—ืช ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ืกืคืœ ืงืคื”, ืงื—ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฆื•ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืขื ื”ืงืคืื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื” ื•ืžื’ื™ื‘ ื‘ื”ืชืื.


ืžื˜ืจืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืืจื” ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœื›ืžื” ืกืคืœื™ ืงืคื”/ืชื” ืื• ื›ืœ ืžื•ืฆืจ ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื›ื™ืœ ืงืคืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ื–ืงื•ืง ื•ืžื” ื”"ืชืฉืœื•ื" ืื• ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื”ืžืชืื—ืจื•ืช ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืงืคืื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื’ื•ืคื™ื ื• โ€“ ืžืžืœื™ืฆื” ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘...


ืขื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืชื“ืขื• ืฉืงืคืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžืฉืชืŸ ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื›ืœ ื›ื•ืก ืงืคื” ืื ืชืงืคื™ื“ื• ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื›ื•ืก ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื›ื•ืก ืงืคื” ืฉืืชื ืฉื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžืฉืง ืžื™ื ืžืื•ื–ืŸ ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืœื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฆื‘ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช โ€“ ื‘ืจืžื” ื–ื• ืื• ืื—ืจืช, ืฉื™ืชื•ืŸ ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืชืช ืขืœ ื›ืš ืืช ื”ื“ืขืช.


ืจื•ืคืื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื™ืกืคืจื• ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชืžื™ื ืฉืžื•ืชื™ืจ ื”ืงื•ืคืื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืขืœ ืจืžืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืชืจืช ื‘ืคื” ื•ืขืœ ื—ืœืงื” ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ืืœื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื—ืœืœ ื”ืคื” ื•ืื ื—ืœื™ืœื” ื”ืžืชืงืชื ืืช ื”ืงืคื”, ืชื•ืกื™ืคื• ืืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื ืœืจืฉื™ืžืช ืžื—ื•ืœืœื™ ืขืฉืฉืช, ืžืขื•ื“ื“ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื—ืคื™ืจืช ืžื ื”ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื—ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื...


ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืงืคื” ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืœื ื”ื ืงืคื” ื™ืจื•ืง ื•ืงืคื” ืœื‘ืŸ.


ืงืคื” ืœื‘ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื ื• ืžืชื™ืžืŸ, ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื” ืฉืžื—ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืคื” ืœื‘ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ืงืคื” ืื—ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืš ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืงืœื™ื™ื”. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืงืœื™ื™ื” ืžื”ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืš ืคื•ืœื™ ื”ืงืคื” ื ืฉืจืคื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ื•ืฆื‘ืขื ื‘ื”ื™ืจ โ€“ ืคืฉื•ื˜. ืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ืฉื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืงืคื” ืชื™ืžื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืงืคืื™ืŸ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืœืคื—ื•ืช... ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืงืœื™ื™ื” ืžื”ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื’ืจืžื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ื ื–ืงื™ื ืœื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ืคื•ืœื™ ื”ืงืคื”.


ืงืคื” ื™ืจื•ืง ืžื‘ื™ื ืื™ืชื• ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืžืฆื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืงืคื” ืฉื—ื•ืจ โ€“ ืฉื•ื‘, ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืงืœื™ื™ื” ืงืฆืจ, ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ืืœื• ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื’ื ืขืœ ืฆื‘ืขื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงืคื”.

ืงืคื” ื™ืจื•ืง ืžื›ื™ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื• ื›ืžื•ืช ื ืื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ื›ืœื•ืจื•ื’'ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืœื• ื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื (ืื ื˜ื™ ื‘ืงื˜ืจื™ืืœื™), ื ื•ื’ื“ ื“ืœืงืช, ืžืžืจื™ืฆื•ืช ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื›ื‘ื“.

ืžืกื™ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ ื•ื›ืœื™-ื“ื ื•ืกื•ื›ืจืช type 2.


ื ืกื›ื ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื™ืœื ื™ื•ื, ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืขืฆืžื™ื ื• ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ื‘ื ืช ืžืืœื™ื”, ื”ื™ื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื ืก โ€“ ื’ื ืื ื‘ื—ืจืชื ื‘ืืกืคืจืกื• ืืจื•ืš, ืงืคื” ืœื‘ืŸ, ื™ืจื•ืง ืื• ื‘ื•ืฅ... ืชืชืžื•ื’ื’ื• ืžื›ืœ ืกืคืœ ืงืคื”, ืชื‘ื—ืจื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ืฉื ืขื™ื ื•ื˜ืขื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ืช ืžื›ื, ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืฉืœื ืœืจืชื•ื ืืช ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื“ื ืœืžื™ืจื•ืฅ ืกื•ืกื™ื โ€“ ืœื ื ืขื™ื (ืืœ ืชืฉืชื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืงืคื”, ืืชื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืจืขืœืช ืงื•ืคืื™ืŸ)



ย 

ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชืคืงื—ื•ืช โ€“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื” ืฉืœื•ื....



ืคืขื,

ื›ืฉื‘ืืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืจ

ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช, ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆื™ืคื™ื ืืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื...

ื”ื™ื•ื, ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื”, ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ื ื—ืฉืง ื•ืžืจืžื– ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืื• ื”ืืจื•ืช ืื ืชื™ืจืฆื• ืฉื‘ืื•ืช ืืœื™ื ื• ื‘ื–ื• ืื—ืจ ื–ื• โ€“ ื™ืฉ ืฉืžื›ื ื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ "ื ืคืœ ืœืš ื”ืืกื™ืžื•ืŸ", ืื• "ืžืžืฉ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื" โ€“ ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืชื•ื‘ื ื”, ื‘ืชืคื™ืกื”, ื‘ื”ื‘ื ื” ืžืฉืชื ื” ื•ื›ืขืช, ื”ืคืื–ืœ ืื• ื”ืชืฆืจืฃ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืกื—ื”, ื ืจืื” ืื—ืจืช ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ ื”ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ.

ืžื” ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื”, ืžืชื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช, ื”ืื ื”ื™ื ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ืืฆืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื•?, ืžื” ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœื ื• ื”ื”ืืจื” ื•ืžื” ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืคื ืช ืื• ื‘ืœืชื™ ื™ื“ื•ืขื” โ€“ ื—ื’ ื”ืื•ืจื™ื ืžื–ืžืŸ ืœื ื• ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช -ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืื™ืจ ื›ืžื” ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช


ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ืืจื”, ืžื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื ื• ืžืขื•ืœืžื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ืกื˜ื™ื, ื”ื ืืœื• ืฉืžื›ื ื™ื ืืช ืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื (ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช) ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื•ื - ื”ืืจื”.

ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ืœืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•, ื ื™ื”ืœืชื™ ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขื ื™ืœื™ื“ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื• ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ ืฉืœื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืฉ, ื ื›ืกื™ื ืื• ื›ืœ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ ื•ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืœื‘ืฉ ื—ื™ื•ืš ืจื—ื‘, ื ืคืœื ื•ืขืžื•ืง ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ื˜ืœื˜ืœ ืื•ืชื™, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืื•ืฉืจ, ืจื’ื•ืข ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื— - ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื›ืœ ืจื›ื•ืฉื• ืขืœื™ ืื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื“ ืœืขื˜ื•ืฃ ื‘ื• ืืช ื—ืœืฆื™ื•, ื‘ื“ ืœืขื•ืฃ ืืช ืžืจืืฉื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืขืœื” ื‘ื ื ื” ืฉืฉื™ืžืฉ ืื•ืชื• ื›ืงืขืจื” ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื ื“ื‘ื•ืช โ€“ ื›ืฉื‘ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื, ืจื›ืฉ ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื—ืœื‘ ื™ืืง ืœืฆืงืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื‘ืืก ืœื™ื ื’ื ื•ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ืœืคื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืžื ื™ื‘ื” (ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืฉื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ 65 ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื‘ืจ ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื ื”ืงื•ืจืื•ืช?) ื•ืจืง ื‘ืžื” ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ืœื•, ื›ืžื” ืจื•ืคื™ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื, ืจื›ืฉ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ, ืื• ื›ืžื” ื‘ื ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื“ื™ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืื›ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืงื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืจื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉืžืฉ...


ืฉื,

ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืง ื”ื–ื”, ื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื•ื—ืฉื™, ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื•ืฆืง, ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื ื“ื‘ืš ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™, ื”ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืขืกื™ืงื• ืื•ืชื™ ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืขื•ื“ ื™ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื.


ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืœื ื•, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉืฃ ืœืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช, ืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืคื ืื™ ืœื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” "ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ืช" ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื ื•ื”ื’ืช ืœื›ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื”, ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืฉืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ืคืจ ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืžื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื, ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืื• ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• โ€“ ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืจื•ื›ื–ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• โ€“

ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืืจื”, ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืคืขื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืžืฉื”ื•/ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืื™ืจ ืื•ืชืš ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืื• ื”ืชืคืงื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืืจื™ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืขืฆืžื•ื ื™

ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืืจื” ื”ื™ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœ ื›ืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืžืื™ืจ ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืื• ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ, ื™ืฉื ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืื™ืจื™ื โ€“ ืืœื• ืฉื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœืฉืงืฃ, ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง

ื”ื”ืชืคืงื—ื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื (ืืš ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื—) ืื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืฉื™ื ืื• ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ื โ€“ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื“ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฉื™ื ืื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื”, ื”ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช/ื”ืงืฉื‘ื” ืœื—ื•ืฉื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœืืกื•ืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœืคืชื— ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื‘ื ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.


ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื, ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืœื•ื•ื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ืืช ื”ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช, ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช, ื”ื”ื›ืจื” โ€“ ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื›ืฉืชื•ื‘ื ื” ื ื•ืœื“ืช ื‘ื ื•, ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืง ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• "ืœื™ื“ื”", ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ืŸ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืžืชื•ืš ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืชื•ื‘ื ื” ื”ืชื‘ื”ืจื” ืœื ื•


ื™ื•ื‘ื”ืจ ื›ืืŸ ืฉื”ืืจื”, ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื•ืช ืื• ื”ืชืคืงื—ื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ืช ื›ืœืœ ืœื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชื™ืงืฉื•ืจ, ืืฃ ืฉืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช/ื”ืืจื•ืช ื•ื›ื•', ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืจืื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ, ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• "ืœืจื—ืฃ" ืžืขืœ ื”ืจืื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ืขืฆืžื”.


ื“ืจืš ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœื”ืชืคื ื•ืช ืœืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื”. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ื–ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืขืžืงืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื˜ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืฉื“ืจื›ื”, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœืจื—ืฉื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืœืื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืœื ืฉื™ืžื”, ืœืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ โ€“ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืืžืจ ืฉืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื”, ื”ื™ื ื›ืœื™ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ืžืกืคืจ.

ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžืชืืžื ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื”, ื›ืš ื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ื•ืคืš ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื•ื”ืืคืงื˜ ื”ื•ืคืš ื ื™ื›ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ.


ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื ืขื–ืจืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื›ืื‘ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ื•ืื—ืจื™ื, ืคืขืžื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืชืžืฉืชื™ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื” ื•ืœื”ื™ืจื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื•ื–ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืจืฉื™ืžื”.

ื”ืืคืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื” ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ืคืœืื”, ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื›ืื‘ื™ื (ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืฉืžืขืชื ื”ื ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืœื›ืื‘ ืขืฆืžื•- ืœื ืฉื•ื ืืœ ื”ื›ืื‘), ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืจื’ืฉื™ื™ื ืชื•ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื, ืื• ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื•ืช "ืžืืชื’ืจื•ืช" โ€“ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื•ืœื ื˜ืจืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื•ืจื“ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืฉื ื•ืช โ€“ (ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื, ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืืชื›ื ืœื”ืงืœื™ื“ ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื” ื‘- youtube ื•ืœื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ, ืจืง ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ โ€“ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ืงืฉื‘ื” ืชื‘ื“ืงื• ืขื ืขืฆืžื›ื ืžื” ืืชื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื, ืื™ืคื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื” ืคื•ื’ืฉืช ืืชื›ื โ€“ ื’ื ืื ื•ื ืจื“ืžืช ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื J)

ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืœืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื” ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืช ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื” ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืขืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืงืคื” ื•ื”ืžืฉืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ืœ โ€“ "ื ืก", ื”ืจื™ ืฉืžื“ื™ื˜ืฆื™ื”, ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืืจื”, ื”ื™ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื ืก ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื, ื‘ื›ืœ ื’ื™ืœ ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™, ืžื‘ื™ื ืื™ืชื• ืืคืงื˜ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืชื™ืคืงื•ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื ื•, ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื•ื—, ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ื”ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื“.

ื‘ืจื•ื— ื”ื—ื’ ื•ื”ืื’ื“ื•ืช ืฉืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืœื›ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืงืคื”, ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื•, ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื–ืŸ ื™ื“ื•ืข โ€“ ืืช ื”ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช, ืืชื ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืืœ ืชื•ืš ื—ื™ื™ื›ื...



... ืฉื ื™ ื ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืžื ื–ืจ ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืขืจื‘.

ื’ืฉื ื™ืจื“ ื•ื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื• ืฉืœื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช

ื”ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื• ืฉืขืžื“ื” ืฉื ืื™ืฉื” ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืœื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช

ื”ื ื–ื™ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื, ื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืื™ืฉื” ืœืฉืืช ืื•ืชื” ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจืš

ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื” ื•ื”ื ื–ื™ืจ ื ืฉื ื•ื”ื ื™ื— ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื™ื“ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ืœืžื ื–ืจ


ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉืืœ:

"ืื“ื•ื ื™, ื›ื ื–ื™ืจื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ื ืฉื™ื"

ื”ื ื–ื™ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืขื ื” โ€“ "ืืชื” ืฆื•ื“ืง"

ื”ื ื–ื™ืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื”ืงืฉื” ืฉื•ื‘ โ€“

"ืื ื›ืš ืื“ื•ื ื™, ืœืžื” ื ืฉืืช ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจืš?"

ื”ื ื–ื™ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื—ื™ื™ืš ื•ืืžืจ:

"ืื ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื—ืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจืš", ืžื“ื•ืข ืืชื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืฉื ืื•ืชื”?


ย 

ื— ืจ ื• ื‘ ื™ ื.... ceratonia Siliqua




ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืขืฅ ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืชืชืคืœืื• ืœื“ืขืช, ืœื—ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืœืชืช ืœื ื• ื•ื›ื“ืื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืœื“ืขืช...


ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชืืจ ืืช ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืจื•ื‘ื™ื, ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื ื™ืคื•ืฅ ืžื™ืชื•ืก ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืกืคืจ, ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื™ืงื™ืจื™ื™, ืฆืจ ืœื™, ืืš ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืก ืฉื ื ืคืฅ ื”ื™ื•ื ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื–ืจืขื™ ื”ื—ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืชืจืžื™ืœ ื”ืคืจื™ ืขืฆืžื•.

ืžื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืฉื•ืžืขืช ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืขืœ ืฉืžื ืฉืœ ื–ืจืขื™ ื”ื—ืจื•ื‘ ืงืจืื• ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื™ื”ืœื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืžืฉืงืœื ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืจืขื™ื ื–ื”ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืจื™ ื•ื›ืš, ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื” ื ื”ื•ื’ ืกื—ืจ ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ, ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืžื™ืœื” ืงืจืื˜ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืžืฉืงืœืŸ ืื‘ื ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืื ืืช ืžืฉืงืœื ื”ื’ื•ืจืฃ ื•ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ื–ืจืขื™ ื”ื—ืจื•ื‘..

ื•ื”ืจื™ ืœื›ื ื”ื ื™ืคื•ืฅ...

ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื ื—ืžื“ ื•ื—ื‘ื™ื‘, ืžื•ื“ื” ืฉื›ืŸ โ€“ ืื‘ืœ ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืžืฉืงืœื ืฉืœ ื–ืจืขื™ ื”ื—ืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืชื ื” ื•ืื™ื ื• ื’ื•ืจืฃ ื›ืš ืฉืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ ืžืฉืชื ื” ืžื•ืœ ืžืฉืงืœ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืง.

ืžื” ื›ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ?


ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืงืจืื˜ ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช "ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืŸ" ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืกืžืœืช ืืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ื™ ื—ืŸ. ืื ืชืฉืงืœื• ืงืจื, ืชื™ืจืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง 200 ืžื™ืœื™ื’ืจื. ื‘ืงืจืื˜ ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉ 100 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื”, ืฉื•ืงืœืช 2 ืž"ื’.


ืืžื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืคืขื ืฉืžืฉืงืœื ืฉืœ ื–ืจืขื™ ื”ื—ืจื•ื‘ ื–ื”ื™ื, ืืš ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืงืœ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ื ื™ ืฉื‘ื’ื“ืœื™ื.


ื‘ื–ื”ื‘ ืื’ื‘, ืงืจืื˜ ืžืกืžืœ ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชื›ืช ืขืฆืžื” ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืงืืจื˜ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืš ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ื—ืฃ ืžืžืชื›ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. 24 ืงืืจื˜ ื”ื™ื ืชืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืงื™ื™ืžืช.


ืจืืฉื™ืช ืืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืฉืคืจื™ ื”ื—ืจื•ื‘ ืฉื™ื™ืš ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืคืชื™ืข ืœืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ืช ื•ืื ืชืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘, ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ืจื•ื‘ ื ืจืื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืชืจืžื™ืœื™ ื”ืืคื•ื ื” ื”ืกื’ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื–ืจืขื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื.

ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ืžืฆืืชื™ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ ืขืฆื™ ื—ืจื•ื‘ ืคื•ืจื—ื™ื ื•ืžืกืชื‘ืจ, ืฉื–ืžืŸ ืคืจื™ื—ืช ื”ื—ืจื•ื‘ ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ืช ืจืง ืœืขืฅ ื–ื”, ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœืคืจื•ื— ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ื—ืจื•ื‘ ืžื‘ื›ื™ืจ. ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžืคืจื™ื—ืช ื”ื—ืจื•ื‘ ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ื“ืฃ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืงืœื™ื ื™ืงื” ืฉืœื™ "ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ โ€“ ืชืžืจ ืชืื•ืžื™ื" ืฉื ื”ื–ืžื ืชื™ ืืชื›ื ืœื ื—ืฉ "ืžื” ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื”" ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืชื™ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื โ€“ ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื ืœืคื ื™ื›ื:

ื‘- 100 ื’' ื—ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื ืžืฆื:

222 ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช, 4.62 ื’' ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ, 49.08 ื’' ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช, 0.65 ื’' ืฉื•ืžืŸ, 39.8 ื’' ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื, 35 ืž"ื’ ื ืชืจืŸ, 1 ืžืง"ื’ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ A, ืกื”"ื› ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื ืžืžืฉืคื—ืช B 2.777 ืž"ื’, 0.63 ืž"ื’ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ E, 348 ืž"ื’ ืกื™ื“ืŸ, 2.94 ืž"ื’ ื‘ืจื–ืœ, 54 ืž"ื’ ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื, 79 ืž"ื’ ื–ืจื—ืŸ, 0.92 ืž"ื’ ืื‘ืฅ ื•-827 ืž"ื’ ืืฉืœื’ืŸ...


ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื ืื” ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื” ืขื ื”ื—ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื–ืจื—ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“ืช, ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ืžืขื ื” ื ืคืœื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื—ืช ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืื•ืกื˜ื™ืื•ืคื•ืจื•ื–ื™ืก ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื—ืช ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœื•ื˜ืช ื”ืชืจื™ืก.



ื”ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืจืžื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืกื˜ืจื•ืœ ืžืกื•ื’ LDL ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืขื ืจืžื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื™ื’ืœื™ืฆืจื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืœืžื ื•ืข ื˜ืจืฉืช ืขื•ืจืงื™ื, ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ ื•ื›ืœื™-ื“ื.

ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืžืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ื—ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื ื˜ื™ ืกืจื˜ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืคื ื™ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฆื•ื•ืืจ ื”ืจื—ื.

ื—ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ื’ื ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืกื•ื›ืจืช, ื”ื ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืื™ืชื ืจืžื•ืช ื ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื, ืžื” ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื“ืงืก ื”ื’ืœื™ืงืžื™ โ€“ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืกื•ื›ืจืชื™ื™ื ื•ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืื• ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืงืœ, ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ.

ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื—ื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื›ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื•ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืฉื ื ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ื ื™ ืžืชื™ืงื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื•ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื• ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ ืื‘ืงืช ื—ืจื•ื‘ื™ื โ€“ ืื ื˜ืจื ื˜ืขืžืชื, ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”.

ืขื•ื“ ื ืืžืจ ืขืœ ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคืจืช ืืช ืชื™ืคืงื•ื“ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืชื ื•ืขืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื™ื™ื, ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื™ืฆื™ ืงื™ื‘ื”, ืกืคื™ื—ืช ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฉื’ืฉื•ื’ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืขื™ื™ื. ืื ื‘ื—ืจืชื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื—ืจื•ื‘ื™ื, ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืœืฉืชื•ืช ืžื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฆื‘ื™ ืขืฆื™ืจื•ืช.


ื›ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ืื™ืŸ ื ืคืœื ืžืืฉืจ ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืขืฅ ื—ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื“ืจืš โ€“ ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ื•ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืœืงื˜ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืคืจื™ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžื”ืขืฆื™ื ื”ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ โ€“ ืฉื ื”ื ืกืคื’ื• ืืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืœืคื•ืช.

ื ืงื• ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ื”ืื‘ืง ื”ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชืจืžื™ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืื›ื™ืœื”, ืื ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืคื” ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.

ืœืกื™ื•ื ืืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืฉื“ื‘ืฉืช ื—ืจื•ื‘, ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ืžืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืคืœื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืคืฆืขื™ื ื‘ืคื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ืืคื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื˜ โ€“ ื ืกื• ื•ืชื™ื•ื•ื›ื—ื•.

ืคื•ืกื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื

ื”ืฆื’ ื”ื›ื•ืœ
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